CALIFORNIA SPREADWINGED DAMSELFLIES
CALIFORNIA SPREADWINGED DAMSELFLIES
AKA
CALIFORNIA LESTIDAE

Checklist provided by Ron Lyons

with COMMON NAMES OF DAMSELFLIES
as adopted by the Dragonfly Society of the Americas
(Argia, vol.8, no.2, 1 August 1996)



New links &/or information was added to this site on
DECEMBER 31, 2001 (flight data up-dated)

The CA distribution maps were last updated on NOVEMBER 27, 2001. Click here to access distribution in nearby states


Now available!
Common DRAGONFLIES of California
A Beginner's Pocket Guide


by Kathy Biggs


To learn more about these fascinating insect's life cycle go to "Damsels and Dragons - the Insect Order Odonata". This article by Ron Lyons, which first appeared in the Internet Pond Society's "The Internet Ponder's Online Magazine", was written in 1997 for the "Critter's in Your Pond" column I was writing at the time.

Distribution Maps are maintained by Tim Manolis. They are based on information originally collected by Dennis Paulson (see address below) and they are now being updated by new sightings and specimens found in museum collections. If you find a species in a new county please contact Kathy and/or Tim.

Information for this site has been collected and edited by Kathy Biggs who assumes full responsibility.



By using the links in the first column you can directly view pictures from this site. These may download more quickly than those linked to in the `*Photo/scan at website' column since those are hosted at other sites. Some photos I have taken myself and they are not of the same quality as those in the website photo link column. However those contributed by Bob Behrstock, Chris Heaivilin, Bob Claypole, Rod Miller, Pete Haggard , Steve Potter and others are of excellent quality. Further images are provided because they help give a feeling for the posture/behavior of the species. To find out more about where and when any of these were pictures were taken, contact the photographer directly. Tim Manolis, who has taken snaps from videos of moving dragonflies, would like to hear from anyone who is also interested in dragonflies in the Central Valley (Sacramento and Butte counties in particular, and also Plumas and Lassen counties). Tim and Andy Rehn are currently working on a paper on the distribution of Odonata in California.

I hope you find this website helpful. I'm always open to suggestions and would love your contributions! Please let me know if you have any problems with this site or its contents. Kathy Biggs



The species indicated below have been found in California.

References to pictures are as follows:

Audubon Guide = Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders

CA Insects = California Insects by Jerry Powell and Charles Hogue

CA Dragonflies = Common Dragonflies of California, A Beginner's Pocket Guide by Kathy Biggs

LA Insects = Insects of the Los Angeles Basin by Charles Hogue

Western Forest =The Audubon Society Nature Guides - Western Forest

Kansas Checklist = Checklist of Kansas Damselflies - The Kansas School Naturalist 1998

Dragonflies of Washington = Dragonflies of Washington by Dennis Paulson, Seattle Audubon Society 1999

* = photo/scan(s)/key available to see at this Internet website

Continue or click here to go to CA Dragonflies


Scientific Name

Common Name

Archaic Name

Remarks/Description

Habitat/Flight Dates

Picture in book

*Photo/scan at website




FAMILY Lestidae

Spreadwings

2 CA genera

sizes: medium to large, slender, 31- 62 mm

description: clear wings that narrow to stalks at base;
wings held spread when at rest

males: dark with blues, greens;
blue eyes; pruinose pale area near tip;
some show more extensive pruinosity
females: more stout, less colorful

behaviors: unique posture - hold their wings mostly open (but not flat) when at rest, (like stealth bombers)
overwinter as eggs which hatch in the spring and emerge as adults in the summer/fall

habitat: mostly found in mountain ponds, marshes, & streams


Photos by Kathy Biggs, Bob Claypole

CA Dragonflies p. 70

*Key to larva in Michigan, UMMZ

*Photos & information by Raphael Carter
at Dragonflies and Damselflies of Minnesota




GENUS: Archilestes
Stream Spreadwings
2 CA species

size: large, stout with broad wings; 41 - 62 mm
largest damselflies in CA

description male: hold wings out to sides more than over backs

behavior: hang on sunny leaves of willows & alders;
fly out 6 -10' to hawk prey;
deposit eggs in woody stems of alder and willow branches, high, above water line

habitat: found along moving water

flight period: seen mostly in the fall


Photo by Kathy Biggs

*Key to larva in Michigan, UMMZ




Archilestes californica
aka A. californicum

California Spreadwing

photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male new 10-01
photo male new 11-01
photo female
photo female new 11-01
photo ovipositing pairs
scan male 1998
scans male 1999
scan female

distribution map

size: medium/large, slender, length 42- 59 mm;
hindwing 26 - 35 mm

description male: hold wings out to sides much more frequently than over the back; esp. when at rest
long body black and tan with pruinose area near tip;
contrasty white stripes on thorax side;
blue eyes;
wings colorless with pale stigma;
lower appendages are parallel;
female: less colorful brown/tan toned body
pale stigma

similar species: Great Spreadwing has one continuous stripe on side of thorax

behavior: oviposit into alder & willow branches

habitat: slow streams & ponds with alders/willows
often found over rocky dry creek beds in late summer/early fall

flight period: June - November; occurs mostly late in the season

distribution: sporadic statewide

CA Dragonflies p. 74

CA Insects: Ca. Spread-wing p 46 #22, 23

LA Insects: Ca. Archilestes, Fig 28,29

Dragonflies of Washington, p. 4

*Photo of pair by Ron Lyons
at San Diego County Bug Pictures

*Photo of ovipositing pair by H. Vannoy Davis at the California Academy of Sciences CalPhotos

* Photos by Douglas Aguillard at Dragonflies of San Diego & Imperial Counties new 12-01

*Photo by Gaylord Mink at Wildlife Images of OR/WA

*Scans of male/female by Dennis Paulson
at Washington Odonata Photo Gallery

Archilestes grandis

Great Spreadwing

aka Giant Spreadwing

photo male
photo male
photo female
photos female new 11-01
scan male side
scan male top
scan female side new 10-01
scans female top & side new 10-01

distribution map

size: slender but long;
largest damselfly in CA - length 52 - 62 mm;
hind wing 30 - 40 mm

description male: hold wings out to sides more than over back;
long body gray with pale pruinose area near tip;
brown thorax has one continuous pale yellowish side stripe;
blue eyes;
dark stigma;
bottom appendages are divergent;
female: less colorful; dark sigma

behavior: eggs laid in woody plants overhanging water

habitat: temporary pools of slow streams with alders/willows

flight period: end of July - January; a late season species

distribution: sporadic statewide

CA Dragonflies p. 75

Kansas Checklist p. 8 #4

*Scan of CA male by Kathy Biggs
at Washington Odonata Photo Gallery

*Photos & scans by James Lasswell
at Damselflies of Texas

*Photos by John Abbott and Curtis Williams
at The TIARA (TX) Biodiversity Project

*Photos of nymph by Dave McShaffrey
at Ohio Odonata

*Photos by Ann Johnson
at Iowa Odonates

*Photos by Blair Nikula
at Ode News




GENUS: Lestes
Pond Spreadwings
5 CA species

sizes: medium; lengths 31 - 44 mm

description males: hold wings out to sides more than over backs;
similar in appearance, told apart by male appendages

nymph: long and slender; roam about in submerged vegetation

behaviors: patrol shoreline from emergent vegetation on which they rest;
oviposit into non-woody vegetation above the waterline;
spring laid eggs hatch in the fall

habitats: frequent margins of ponds, bogs, mashes; still waters

flight periods: April - October


Photo by Bob Claypole

*Scan comparing four common NW species
by Dennis Paulson
at Northwest Odonata Photo Gallery

*Excellent sketches by John Sankey of male appendages and female thorax sides

*Key to larva in Michigan, UMMZ




Lestes congener

Spotted Spreadwing

photo male
photo female
scan male
scan male top and side new 9-01
scans male
scans male and pair
scans male, inc. bottom
scan female

distribution map

size: medium, length 33 - 42 mm;
hindwing 17.5 - 23.5 mm

description male: hold wings out to sides more than over back;
bronzy black with yellowish markings;
mostly black thorax;
four black spots (2 on either side) in pale undersurface of thorax;
grayish below last 2 abdominal segments;
lower appendages short, only 50% length of uppers
female: dark brown thorax, narrow pale yellow stripe

habitat: slow waters of marshes, lakes, ponds, streams, rivers

flight period: May - November

Dragonflies of Washington, p. 4

Audubon Guide: Dark Lestes plate 378

*Scans of male/female by Dennis Paulson
at Washington Odonata Photo Gallery

*Photo by Steve Walter
at New York Odes Online Field Guide

*Photos by Blair Nikula
at Ode News

Lestes disjunctus disjunctus

Common Spreadwing

aka Lestes disjunctus

photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo pair in wheel
photo female
scan male top new 9-01
scans male
scan male top
scan males
scan pair
scan female top
scan female bottom

distribution map

size: medium, slender, length 32 - 40 mm;
hind wing 24 - 30 mm

description male: hold wings out to sides more than over back;
thorax becomes pruinose blue;
first two and last two abdominal segments pruinose blue; other segments with green sheen;
rear of head entirely dark;
stigma usually uniformly dark;
lower appendages straight throughout
female: stouter, less colorful

similar species: Spotted Spreadwing has shorter appendages than Common

habitat: habitat: ponds, lakes, marshes, weedy streams, rivers

flight period: ~April - October

distribution: common throughout California

CA Dragonflies p. 71

Dragonflies of Washington, p. 4

Kansas Checklist Front cover

*Scans of male/female/male variation
by Dennis Paulson
at Washington Odonata Photo Gallery

*Photo by Jochen M. Mueller at his Dragonflies of Alaska site

*Photo of pair by George Doerksen at
the Royal British Columbia Museum

*Photos & scans by James Lasswell
at Damselflies of Texas

*Photo by Omar Bocanegra
at The Odonata of Tarrant County

*Photos at The TIARA (TX) Biodiversity Project new 10-01

*Photo by Jim Durbin
at Iowa Odonates

*Photo by Stu Tingley
at Photos of New Brunswick Odes

*Photo by Blair Nikula
at Ode News

Lestes dryas

Emerald Spreadwing

aka uncatus aka Stocky Lestes

photo male
photo male new 11-01
photo male
photo female
scan male top
scan male side
scan male side
scans male
scan female

distribution map

size: medium; length 32 - 40 mm;
hind wing 18 - 25 mm

description male: hold wings out to sides more than over back;
top of thorax bright metallic green, without longitudinal stripes
sides of thorax blue;
abdomen bright metallic green; body stocky;
first two and last two segments can show blue;
males lower appendages expanded at end & ~80% length of upper appendages

female: abdomen more stout; coloration more dull;
ovipositor longer than segment 7

habitat: slow waters of marshes, lakes, ponds, streams, rivers

flight period: late April - September

distribution: hillsides throughout the state

CA Dragonflies p. 70, 73

Dragonflies of Washington, p. 4

Audubon Guide: Stocky Lestes plate 35

*Photo by Joshua Rose
his Dragonfly Pics site"
new 11-01

*Scans of male/female by Dennis Paulson
at Washington Odonata Photo Gallery

*Photo by Jochen M. Mueller at his Dragonflies of Alaska site

*Photos by Robert A. Behrstock
at Damselflies of Texas

*Photo by Jim Bangma
at Iowa Odonates

*Photos at The TIARA (TX) Biodiversity Project new 10-01

*Photo by John Acorn
at Ode News
new 11-01

*Photo by Blair Nikula
at Ode News

*Photo by Stuart Tingley
at Photos of New Brunswick Odes

*Picture by Jochen M. Mueller
Spreadwings of Europe

Lestes stultus

Black Spreadwing

photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo males
photo pair
photo females
photo female
scan males
scan females
scans female

distribution map

size: medium, length 35 - 44 mm;
hind wing 21 - 26 mm

description male: hold wings out to sides more than over back;
mostly black; has blue eyes;
narrow greenish stripe down middle of mostly black or bronzy thorax;
four black spots (2 on either side) in pale undersurface of thorax
pale area near dark abdomen tip;
body stocky;
lower appendages expanded at end & ~80% length of upper appendages;
appendages are shorter and wider than Emerald's
female: more stout; brown turns dull black
ovipositor longer than segment 7

similar species: closely related to Lestes dryas;
differing primarily in coloration;
also compare by appendage shapes;
mostly black where dryas is green

habitat: sloughs, ditches & ponds

distribution: restricted to California, northern; endemic

flight period: April - September

CA Dragonflies p. 72

*Scan of CA male/female by Kathy Biggs
at Washington Odonata Photo Gallery

Lestes unguiculatus

Lyre-tipped Spreadwing

photo male
photo female
scan male top
scan male side
scan female

distribution map

size: 31 - 44 mm;
hind wing 17 -24 mm

description male: hold wings out to sides more than over back;
rear of head partly pale;
bronzey black thorax;
no markings on bottom;
stigma light to medium brown;
lower appendages curved outward toward tips (lyre- shaped); pale at base

behavior: over winters as egg

habitat: slow waters, even temporary;
marshes/lakes/ponds/streams/rivers

flight period: ~May- ~October

*Scans of male/females by Dennis Paulson
at Washington Odonata Photo Gallery

*Photos by Robert A. Behrstock
at Damselflies of Texas

*Photos by John Abbott
at The TIARA (TX) Biodiversity Project

*Photo of pair by Roy Beckemeyer
at Odonata Photo Album

*Photo by Ann Johnson
at Iowa Odonates

*Photos of male/female by Blair Nikula
at Ode News/LESTIDAE







2nd printing now available!
Common DRAGONFLIES of California
A Beginner's Pocket Guide


by Kathy Biggs

Includes damselflies

Click here to return to The CA Damselflies family site

Send e-mail to Kathy Biggs if you would like to request a
field list of California Odonata that you can down load(Word 7.0 doc 32K)



For help in identifying CA Odonata, go to
"FIELD KEY TO ADULT CALIFORNIA DRAGONFLIES (ODONATA) " .
This is a BETA version key and it includes damselflies. It needs field testing. (There is also an OLD key using wing venation and sexual appendages in "Aquatic Insects of California" by Unsinger, but this has been out of print for several years. The California Library system should have copies of Unsinger's book available for in-library reference work).

To learn more about these fascinating insects go to Ron Lyon's informative site:
Damsels and Dragons - the Insect Order Odonata.

To encourage dragonflies and damselflies, build a pond "and they will come!"
Read Kathy's article The Pleasures of Wildlife Ponding by clicking here.

or

Click here to go to the Biggs's Wildlife Pond

or

here to go to the Biggs's Pond Wildlife Sightings List with links to photos of some of our visitors

or

Click here to see pictures of the Biggs's pond and its development.


If you have any corrections or additions to this site please send e-mail to Kathy Biggs